The human movement system and its disorders

Human movement system

What is the human movement system?

The movement system or musculoskeletal system is a system in the body that gives humans the ability to move using their bones and muscles. The movement system in humans includes the skeletal system and the human muscular system.

In addition to providing the ability for the body to move, the human movement system can also support posture, hold weight, and maintain the stability of body movements.

In short, the movement system in humans not only helps the body move, but also controls so that the body does not move excessively. Because bones and muscles work together in this system of motion.

The problem is, if there is no skeleton formed from bones in the body, the contracting muscle fibers cannot make you sit, stand, walk, or run because of their uncontrolled movement.

Human skeletal and muscular system

Human muscular system

In the movement system, the human muscular system is an important element. The human muscle system is divided into three types, namely smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle.

Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are two types of muscles whose movements you cannot control. This means that the two muscles will move voluntarily, without your needing to think about it.

Meanwhile, the skeletal muscles, which are muscles that attach to the bones throughout the body, are muscles whose movements you can adjust. The function of this skeletal muscle is to contract to move certain bone parts in the body.

In addition, skeletal muscles also have a function to protect organs in the body, especially those in the abdominal area. Not only that, but skeletal muscles can also support the weight of these organs.

Human skeletal system

Apart from the human muscular system, the skeletal system is also important in the human movement system. The skeletal system includes bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage.

Bone

The bones in the body will form a skeleton whose job is to support human posture and help the body fight gravity. In addition, the human body's skeleton also functions to maintain organs in the body.

For example, the skull serves to protect the brain from being prone to injury. Then the spine is in charge of protecting the spinal cord. Likewise with the ribs which serve to protect the liver and lungs which are located in the chest.

In addition to forming the skeleton, bones work together with muscles to produce body movement. Then, considering that the calcium content in the bones is more than in other organs of the body, bones can also be a storage area for calcium which is needed by the body.

Joints

The joint is where two or more bones meet. Most of the joints in the body are quite light and easy to move, so that the bones that "meet" in the joints are also easy to move.

The shape of the joints usually depends on their respective functions. However, the easier movement occurs within the joint, the higher the risk of possible injury. This is because the movements that occur reduce the strength of the joints.

Joints are divided into three types based on their movement, namely joints that cannot move, joints that can move but are limited, and joints that can move freely.

Tendon

Tendons are fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. However, tendons can also attach muscles to structures, such as the eyeball. Therefore, tendons function to move bones or structures.

In joints, tendons are usually attached to the sides of the joints that are attached to the bones and function to control the movement of the joints.

Ligament

Meanwhile, ligaments are also fibrous connective tissues that attach bones to bones. Generally, ligaments function to hold or body structures together and keep them stable.

One example is the anterior knee ligament (anterior cruciate ligament) which connects the thighbone to the shin and stabilizes the knee joint.

Disorders of the human movement system

Musculoskeletal or movement system disorders in humans are conditions that interfere with the function of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles.

Often times, this disorder of the movement system in humans is degenerative or a disease that causes bodily functions to slowly but surely deteriorate.

Additionally, these musculoskeletal disorders can cause pain and reduce your ability to move. This can prevent you from doing your usual daily activities.

Common symptoms of human movement system disorders

There are several symptoms or complaints that are generally felt by patients when experiencing disorders of the human movement system. Here are some of the most common symptoms and complaints:

• Pain.
• Fatigue.
• Sleep disturbance.
• Inflammation, swelling, redness.
• Decreased range of motion.
• Loss of function.
• Tingling sensation.
• Numb.
• Muscle weakness or decreased grip strength.

Disorders of the human movement system that attacks muscles

The following are some of the health problems and diseases that interfere with the motor system by attacking muscle function. Among them:

Myalgia

Myalgia, or more commonly referred to as muscle pain, is a problem of the motor system in humans that attacks muscles and is quite common. The pain that is felt in the muscles arises because the muscles are overused with repetitive movements.

Usually, this happens when you are doing extreme, high-intensity sports, or doing strenuous work that requires a lot of strength. Not only that, muscle pain can also be a symptom of other muscle health problems.

Fibromyalgia

Similar to muscle pain, fibromyalgia is a muscular system problem that also causes muscle pain. The difference is, if myalgia is only felt in muscle groups in one area of ​​the body, fibromyalgia can cause muscle pain to be felt all over the body simultaneously.

Muscle injury

Muscle injury or better known as sprain, is a movement system disorder in humans that attacks muscle tendons (muscle strain) or ligamentous muscle (muscle sprain).

Minor muscle injury will cause the muscle to stretch or stretch. Meanwhile, to a sufficiently severe degree, muscle tissue may be partially or even completely torn. Generally, this muscle injury occurs in the lower body area, especially the hips and thighs.

Muscular dystrophy

Muscular dystrophy is a collection of muscle ailments that are usually caused by hereditary conditions that can slowly weaken muscles.

This disease is classified as a progressive disease, so over time, your condition will get worse if you experience muscular dystrophy.

This disease cannot be treated, but treatment for muscular dystrophy can slow the progress of the disease and relieve the symptoms that appear.

Muscle atrophy

Disorders of the movement system in humans that attack these muscles cause muscle mass to shrink. Muscle atrophy can be caused by several things, ranging from muscles that are not used for too long, malnutrition, the use of drugs, to certain health conditions.

Usually, this condition is experienced by people who have jobs with limited movement, such as jobs that require you to sit for long hours. Then, stroke sufferers who may not be able to move muscles in certain body parts, and many more.

Muscle cramps and spasms

These two muscle problems share almost the same characteristics. Muscle cramps and muscle spasms occur when muscles contract suddenly and uncontrollably. In fact, this condition can appear at night until the pain keeps you awake from deep sleep.

Even though it is classified as harmless and can go away on its own, you cannot use a muscle that is cramping or spasm until the condition improves.

Disorders of the human movement system that attacks the bones

In addition to disorders of the movement system in humans that attack muscles, there are also health problems that attack bones, such as the following.

Osteoporosis

According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, osteoporosis is a disease of bone loss and a gradual decrease in bone mass density. This disease does not cause symptoms, so it is usually only realized when you have experienced a fracture.

Fracture

Broken bones often occur due to accidents, falls, and sports injuries. However, this condition can also occur due to low muscle mass to osteoporosis which causes bones to become brittle and break easily.

Spinal disorders (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis)

Apart from diseases, disorders of the human movement system can also be in the form of spinal disorders. There are three types of abnormalities in the spine, namely kyphosis (hunched back), lordosis (back is too erect and pointed backward), and scoliosis (back forms the letter s).

Spondylolisthesis

This movement system disorder in humans is a spinal problem that causes the lower back to feel pain or aching. Spondylolisthesis occurs when the spine shifts from its place to the bone beneath it. The shifting presses on the nerves, causing pain.

Spondylosis

Spondylosis is a problem with the spine that occurs as part of the aging process, or is a degenerative condition. The aging process in the spine usually occurs in bone spurs and the discs between the vertebrae.

Osteopenia

Osteopenia is a bone health problem that stems from a loss of bone density which makes bones become more fragile. Diseases that interfere with the movement system in humans can occur due to calcium deficiency bones. Patients with osteopenia have the potential to experience osteoporosis later in life.

Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia or osteomalacia is a condition when the bones cannot harden and are prone to bending or breaking. This condition usually occurs due to vitamin D deficiency in the body.

If not treated immediately, this condition can also cause curved bones, especially bones that are responsible for holding body weight. In fact, in adults, osteomalacia can cause fractures.

Bone paget disease

Bone paget disease is a disorder that causes bones in certain parts of the body to become thicker and bigger. This disease, in turn, can interfere with the process of recycling new bone tissue to replace old bone tissue.

Your risk of developing this condition increases with age. However, this risk also increases if there are family members who experience it.

Osteogenesis imperfecta

The next health problem in the human movement system that attacks muscles is osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). OI is a group of rare disorders that affect connective tissue. This makes the bones brittle and breaks easily for no apparent reason.

Some other bone health problems to look out for include achondroplasia, osteopetrosis, and osteomyelitis.

Disorders of the human movement system that attacks the joints

The following are some types of health problems that interfere with the motor system in humans by attacking the joints:

Arthritis

Arthritis is a health problem that occurs due to inflammation or inflammation in the joints. Arthritis is divided into several types, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, septic arthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Bursitis

Bursitis is inflammation and swelling that occurs in Bursae, which is the part of the joint which is a bag filled with lubricant. Bursae usually located on the shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, to the feet.

Tendinitis

Disorders of the human movement system that attack these joints occur in the tendons. A person who has tendinitis means that they have inflammation or swelling of the tendon that occurs as a result of a sudden injury.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a condition that causes pain, numbness, pain in your palms and arms. This condition usually occurs when one of the main nerves in the hand shrinks and travels towards the wrist.

This condition can occur when you experience inflammation of the joints (arthritis) around the tendons in the wrist that press on the median nerve.

In addition to some of these health problems, disorders of the motor system in humans that affect joints include shear joints, tendon injuries, and tennis elbow.

Orthopedic doctor

The duty of orthopedic doctors in dealing with disorders of the motor system in humans

Orthopedic doctors are doctors who treat problems around bones and joints. Problems handled range from simple things, such as sprained ankles, infections, sports injuries, to fractures.

This doctor also deals with problems such as arthritis, rheumatism, congenital bone disorders such as scoliosis or osteogenesis imperfecta, bone problems due to aging such as osteoporosis, to bone tumors.

Basically, if you have a disturbance in the human movement system that causes pain or soreness, have your medical condition checked by a orthopedist. Common problems that can be checked include:

• Difficulty using certain body parts for daily activities.
• Muscle, tendon, or joint pain that lasts more than a few days.
• Joint pain that becomes more intense when resting or sleeping.
• Swelling or bruising around the joint or site that was injured.
• Limited range of motion, such as pain or difficulty in straightening the back.
• Joint deformities.
• Signs of infection include fever and inflammation, swelling, and redness in the joints.
• A symptom of pain in any bone in your body.

Choose a good orthopedist

To help deal with disorders of the human movement system, you certainly don't want to be careless in choosing a doctor. Choose a doctor who has a trusted medical track record. Among other things, his success in dealing with bone health problems.

There are several things you need to do in determining a good orthopedic doctor:

• Ask your GP for references to good orthopedic doctors.
• Ask for a referral from the hospital regarding bone doctors who have a good track record.
• Ask family, friends, or colleagues who may have had orthopedic surgery or know a bone doctor.
• Looking for information through the internet and hospital websites, to find out which hospital is good for bone surgery.