More nutrition in children, how do you adjust their daily diet?

Of course, parents must pay attention to children's nutrition for their growth and development. However, too often providing food, especially in large portions, runs the risk of making the child's weight jump dramatically. As a result, children can experience excess nutrition which can be bad for their health. In this condition, what kind of treatment is appropriate to improve child nutrition? Come on, see the full review of more nutrition through this review!

What is over nutrition?

If all this time you have often heard about malnutrition caused by the lack of nutritional intake of children, nutrition is the opposite of that. Over nutrition is a condition that occurs when the amount of food intake of children is too much, so that it exceeds their daily nutritional needs.

Or in other words, the energy from food that enters the body is not proportional to the energy used for activities. Children who experience more nutrition tend to like to eat, even in large portions.

Unfortunately, this is usually not accompanied by regular and equal physical activity. As a result, the remaining energy that the body does not manage to burn keeps settling until it becomes fat. The accumulation of fat is what makes the child's weight increase, even far from its normal range.

What are the problems with overnutrition in children?

According to WHO, there are several problems that arise when children experience excess nutrition, namely:

1. Overweight (overweight)

Weight is more or more familiarly referred to asoverweight, is a condition when the child's body weight exceeds his height. This then makes the child's stature less than ideal because it looks fat.

In children aged less than 5 years, to find out whether the baby is overweight with a weight ratio indicator based on height (BW / TB). The indicator for the assessment of nutritional status then uses the 2006 WHO growth chart (cut off z score).

The child is said to experienceoverweight or obesity, when the measurement results are in the value range> 2 SD to 3 SD (standard deviation). Meanwhile, for children over 5 years, a chart from the CDC 2000 will be used(measure of the percentile).

Referring to the CDC chart, children who are overweight will be in the 85th percentile to less than 95th percentile.

In addition to a fat and large body, here are various symptoms that appear if a child is overnourished because of obesity:

The size of the waist and hips is large

The size of the waist and hips circumference indicates excess abdominal fat deposits. Without realizing it, the accumulated fat in this section can increase the risk of chronic disease later in life.

Joint pain

Compared to children with normal weight, more nutrition in children makes the bones and joints have to support the extra load. Of course the extra burden comes from the pile of fat on his body.

As a result, children often complain of pain in muscles and joints due to the pressure exerted by their bodies during activities.

Tiring easily

Excess body weight from its normal range makes children with more nutrition inevitably have to spend more energy when doing activities. This condition often makes children tire easily, maybe even less active than their peers.

Not only that. Being overweight also provides additional work for the body's organs, one of which is the lungs.

Children who are over-nourished due to obesity can experience chronic inflammation as a result of this condition. Gradually, inflammation of the respiratory tract appeared, making it difficult to breathe freely.

Obesity in children cannot be left alone. The reason is, this overweight condition can develop into obesity at a later date.

2. Obesity

Obesity is the nutritional status of children that is more than just overweight or are overweight. Obese children are arguably overweight. This means that the category of over nutrition in obese children is far from the normal range that should be.

Maybe at first your baby is just overweight or overweight. However, because their diet is not regulated and they are constantly given excessive food, the child's weight will increase.

This is what then makes your little one change from overweight to be obese. Same as overweight, obesity occurs due to the calorie intake that enters the child's body far more than the calories used daily for activities.

However, there are still various other causes of obesity, such as:

• Likes to eat foods high in fat and calories.
• Lazy to move or be active.
• Lack of sleep. Resulting in hormonal changes that lead to hunger, andcravingshigh calorie foods.

Symptoms of obesity in children are not much different from overweight. It's just that, excess nutrition due to obesity in children makes their body size much larger than children overweight.

If measured using the WHO 2006 chart (cut off z score) for children aged less than 5 years, the weight indicator based on their height will show a number more than 3 SD. Meanwhile, if measured by the CDC 2000 rules(measure of the percentile), children are said to be obese when they exceed the 95th percentile.

Due to his very fat posture, excess nutrition due to obesity in children can make it difficult to carry out various activities. Even if they have only done light activities, children experience fatigue very easily.

In fact, the dangers of obesity put children at high risk for chronic disease. Starting from heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and so on.

Diet rules to overcome overnutrition in children

In general, daily dietary arrangements for more nutrition in children, be itoverweight and obesity, it's the same. Quoting from the Children's Diet Guide book published by the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, this meal arrangement aims to reduce children's daily intake.

So, you have to adjust the schedule, type, and portion of the meal so that he does not gain weight and tends to decrease. Of course, the weight loss target will be adjusted to your little one's height and development.

The principle of dietary rules to overcome over nutrition in children

The energy needs of children must be taken into account by considering the ideal body weight according to their height. Energy intake should be reduced by around 200-500 kcal per day, depending on the total intake and weight of the child.

Children aged 0-3 years

If more nutrition occurs in children of this age, then the calorie intake does not need to be reduced. The most important thing is that the pattern and portions are adjusted so that the body weight does not increase.

However, if indeed the calorie intake must be reduced, doctors and nutritionists will design a special menu so that your little one can still get adequate nutrition. Because this can affect the child's growth and development process.

Children aged 4-6 years

Energy intake is given as needed, by restoring a proper diet according to age. New calorie intake is reduced if health problems are found, such as respiratory problems or difficulty moving.

The total calorie that can be cut is around 200-300 kcal, from daily food intake until it is in accordance with the needs and ideal body weight. However, this should be done on the recommendation of a doctor or nutritionist with close supervision.

Children aged 7-19 years

Entering this age, weight loss for obese children can be planned. Generally, the target weight loss will be around 1-2 kg per month. While calorie intake will be reduced by around 300-500 calories from daily food and done in a gradual manner.

The goal of this eating arrangement is not to want to shave all excess weight on your little one. However, you should lose weight to reach 20 percent above your ideal body weight.

For example, say your 10 year old son weighs 50 kilograms. Even though the ideal body weight for a 10 year old child is around 34 kilograms. So after this meal arrangement, your child is expected to reach 20 percent over ideal body weight or about 40 kilograms. In this case, the target weight loss is 10 kilograms.

Not without reason, leaving a little weight. This of course takes into account the continuing high growth. In addition to the amount of energy that is regulated, here are the rules for nutrient intake and other dietary patterns:

• Carbohydrate intake ranges from 50-60 percent of total energy needs.
• Protein intake ranges from 15-20 percent of total energy needs.
• Fat intake is less than 25-30 percent of the total. energy requirements.
• The intake of vitamins and minerals is adjusted to the nutritional adequacy rate (RDA) of children.
• Minimum fluid intake according to the RDA.
• The frequency of eating is 3 times the main meal and 2 times the snack.
• Milk is given 1-2 glasses per day, in the form of low-fat milk.
• In children over 3 years, it is recommended to provide food sources of fiber.
• Feeding should vary according to the child's diet.

Foods that are recommended and not for overnourished children

Actually, almost any food can be given to children but still according to the amount determined by your doctor or nutritionist. However, in principle, children still have to avoid eating foods with high calorie and fat content.

Take for example the form of sweet foods and drinks such assoftdrink, foodjunkfood, and fried. Instead, children are encouraged to eat whole vegetables and fruits. The reason is, these food sources contain lots of vitamins and fiber which can help the weight loss process.

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