The psychological development stage of adolescents aged 10-18 years

One of the developments experienced by adolescents is psychological development. It is true, in addition to physical and language development, development that includes emotional and social development is one of the keys to the development of a teenager. Then, how about the psychological or emotional development of adolescents from year to year? Check out the following explanation.

Development of adolescent psychology

Quoted from Healthy Children, adolescence is categorized as a transitional period experienced by children to reach adulthood. In this phase, there will be some major changes besides the physical development.

One of them is the development of adolescents which includes a psychological side and is divided into two categories.

This category is the emotional as well as social side that parents need to know as a way of educating adolescents.

This is related due to hormonal and neurological changes so that adolescents do not only develop cognitively.

However, also think about self-identity and social relationships around them.

From a psychological perspective, there are several stages that need to be achieved at least, including:

• Look prominent and develop self-identity.
• Can adapt to be accepted in the environment.
• Developing competencies as well as finding ways to get them.
• Commit to the goals that have been made.

The following is the psychological development experienced by adolescents as they get older.

Development of psychology of adolescents 10-13 years

When viewed from the phase of adolescent development, ages 10 to 13 years are a phase early because he just entered the stage of puberty.

Therefore, parents also need to prepare themselves because they will experience changes in mood and behavior that are different from usual.

Some of the psychological developments in adolescents between the ages of 10 and 13 include:

• Still shows closeness and dependence with parents.
• Make groups with closest friends.
• Start looking for self-identity and show independence.

Emotional development

When a child is 10 years old, the psychological or emotional development of adolescents will still show dependence on their parents. However, his closeness to peers will strengthen.

In fact, the pressure from the friendship that he feels will be even greater. Likewise with his identity in a friendship.

Even so, at this age children will still consider adults to have more power or power.

This made him still follow the rules and principles in the house.

However, you may need to prepare yourself if your child starts questioning any rules that apply to your home.

At the same time, in the psychological or emotional development of adolescents aged 11 to 13 years, he begins to care about his appearance and body.

This usually occurs due to the natural changes that his body is experiencing.

However, if this problem is not handled properly, there is a possibility that he will experience certain problems.

If he does not like his body, for example, he feels that his body is too fat, he can just go on a diet carelessly so that it can end up in eating disorders and inferior.

In the emotional development of adolescents in this phase, children also emphasize their identity more. This can be seen through the clothes you wear, the music you listen to, the movies you watch, or the books you read.

When done without supervision, children may begin to dare to imitate what they see out of curiosity.

From 12 to 13 years of age, you can also see significant psychological or emotional development in adolescents.

This can be seen from the change in mood that is getting worse. One time they feel like they can conquer everything, at other times the child feels like they have messed up everything.

Social development

Strong friendships are evidenced by loyalty to group friends organg, so that it becomes even more solid.

In children aged 10 years, psychological development is also characterized by the competitive side they have towards friends who are not part of the association.

At this age, girls will prefer to play with girls, as well as boys who are more comfortable playing with boys.

However, the child will begin to show an attraction to the opposite sex, even if it's not very obvious.

That feeling of attraction could be a sign of puberty. That way, children also have the potential to experience erratic mood swings.

This is accompanied by sensitivity to body shape and appearance.

As you get older, your child will prefer to spend time with friends than with family. This also includes the development of psychology of children aged 11 years.

Being at the age of 12 to 13 years, their social development can also be more visible when the child's leadership spirit begins to form.

As a parent, try to encourage children to focus more by helping them make decisions and supporting them to participate in community or school activities.

Development of adolescent psychology 14-17 years

When compared with the development of children aged 10 years, you can see there are differences in the developmental phase of adolescence middle this.

In general, it can be said that the psychological development of adolescents is seen because they begin to build their own identity.

Not only that, in this age range, adolescents have also begun to show independence so that they do not continue to depend on their parents.

Here are some of the psychological or emotional developments of adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17.

• Show independence in parents.
• Spend less time with parents.
• Begins to show an attraction to the opposite sex.
• Have care and attention to family, friends, and the opposite sex.
• Erratic change of mood.

Emotional development

In the development of children aged 14 years, adolescent emotions are still classified as fluctuating. She still has a volatile mood so there are times when parents get overwhelmed by this.

At this age you also need to start providing sex education because children begin to have attraction to friends of the opposite sex.

In addition, at this age your child will start doing things that are risky, so you are obliged to invite him to discuss new things that he knows.

Tell what the consequences of the various things he has done or want to do.

As we get older, the psychological or emotional development of adolescents also begins to show concern.

Sympathy and empathy began to be cultivated even though there were times when he had a different point of view.

Watch for changes in behavior that are not consistent with daily habits.

It is not impossible if in the psychological or emotional development of adolescents he experiences several disorders.

Some of these problems include sleep disturbances, body image disorders, self-confidence crises, which lead to depression in adolescents.

Even if you spend less time with your child, keep communicating so that he doesn't feel lost.

Social development

It has been mentioned a little above that in this phase children have their own bonds with their peers or even their closest friends.

There are many activities that can be done, especially when he has the same preferences.

Not only that, it is not unusual for teenagers to be more comfortable talking about problems with their closest friends first.

This also continues until the development of a 17 year old child because he maintains good relations with friends.

Perhaps, the parent-child relationship will shift because of this.

However, it's a good idea to maintain communication so that the relationship is maintained so that children will continue to look for parents when they are most needed.

Development of psychology for adolescents aged 18 years

At this age, adolescent development has reached its last phase, namely late. Usually, their impulsiveness becomes more restrained compared to their previous age.

Therefore, it can be said that the psychological or emotional development of adolescents at this age is already thinking more about the risks that will occur later.

Here are some of the psychological developments of adolescents aged 18 years, including:

• The more you open yourself up to expand your friendship.
• Already thinking about the future and the purpose of life.
• Be independent and make decisions for yourself.
• Getting interested and serious in relationships of the opposite sex.

Emotional development

As a parent, you need to understand if each child has their own developmental stages.

Likewise with the psychological or emotional development of adolescents at the age of 18 this year.

It is possible that he will begin to realize and understand what he wants. Moreover, his emotions had gradually become more stable. Therefore, he is increasingly convinced to maintain independence and at the same time try a new world that has long been desired.

Social development

Whereas in the previous age stage, teenagers preferred to spend time with their closest friends and boyfriends, now they are unconsciously comfortable with their parents.

This is due to their openness to accept opinions and to compromise with those around them.

Not only that, you should also prepare yourself because there is a possibility that teenagers have a more serious relationship with your boyfriend.

Therefore, it is important to build communication and provide sexual education from an early age.

Cause teenagers start to rebel

A fight between parents and children can lead to wanting to run away from home because they are in a rebellious phase.

This is also the case with the psychological or emotional development of adolescents at 18 years of age or even younger.

There are times when he believes there is no more solution to the problem that can be achieved other than rebelling or committing juvenile delinquency.

Some of the causes that make adolescent emotional development rebellious, such as:

1. Feeling unsafe at home

Children may feel that the situation at home is so scary that their psychological development is disturbed.

This can happen if he is a victim of child abuse, be it verbal, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse.

2. Problems in school or social environment

If there is bullying to a teenager at school but no one is there to help, the child may choose to run away.

That way, children can play truant without having to be forced to school by their parents.

Another thing that causes a teenager to be psychologically disturbed is when he is involved in certain problems but he does not have the courage to bear the consequences or punishment.

So, he chose to rebel like running from home rather than having to accept the consequences.

3. Feeling disrespected

One case of rebellion that can disturb the psychology or emotions of adolescents is that children are jealous of their siblings.

He feels less valued and thinks that his parents love his brother or sister more.

In addition, children can feel disrespected because their parents punish them severely for their mistakes.

In other cases, children who feel they are not getting enough attention from their parents may also “test” their parents' affection in a rebellious manner.

4. It is not wise to use social media

Social media is a place for most teenagers to express themselves, through words and photos.

Among all types of social media, Instagram is getting quite a lot of attention for teenagers.

Through Instagram, he can upload his best photo shots and get feedback, in the form oflikeor comments.

However, not all have positive effects that affect the psychological or emotional development of adolescents.

There are also those who become obsessed with resultsselfie so that it is bad for the mental health of adolescents.

Tips for dealing with unpredictable adolescent emotional conditions

There are limits to everyone's patience. However, as a parent you play an important role in the child's life, including in the psychological or emotional development of adolescents.

Therefore, it doesn't hurt to do the things below to build an emotional relationship between parents and children, such as:

1. Maintain communication with children

Although not all, there are some teenagers who tend to be indifferent to their parents.

Sometimes children feel that they are old enough to act like they don't need your role.

However, keep communicating in any way. For example, asking him what he did and how he felt that day.

Then, you can also spend time doing fun things, for example watching a movie together.

That way, after a long time he knew and thought that no matter how he was, his parents still cared about him.

Maintaining communication with children is also important to prevent depression in adolescents.

Children have people who can always complain about whatever they are going through.

2. Respect each other's opinions

In adolescence, there were times when he had different views from you.

Do not immediately tug on the tendons, the article is that the more mature your child is, the more developed his thinking will be

Instead of arguing with the coachman, try to discuss and find a solution that benefits both parties.

Try to listen to the views of the child, so the child will listen to what you think.

Listening to each other and respecting each other's opinions will strengthen the bond between the child and the parents.

3. Involve children in making rules

When you want to make certain rules at home, involve your children in discussions.

This is so that children can be responsible and obey the agreements that have been made.

Give children the understanding that fair rules are made so that they also have control over themselves and learn to be responsible.

Hello Health Group and Hello Sehat do not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Please check our editorial policy page for more detailed information.

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