Table of contents:
- What drug isoniazid?
- What is Isoniazid used for?
- How to use Isoniazid?
- How is isoniazid stored?
- Rules of Use Isoniazid
- What is the dosage for Isoniazid for adults?
- Adult dosage for tuberculosis - active
- Usual adult dose for tuberculosis - prophylaxis
- Adult dosage for mycobacterium kansasii
- What is the dosage of Isoniazid for children?
- Children's dosage for tuberculosis - active
- Children's dosage for tuberculosis - asymptomatic
- In what dosage is Isoniazid available?
- Isoniazid dosage
- What side effects can be experienced due to isoniazid?
- Isoniazid side effects
- What should be known before using Isoniazid?
- Is Isoniazid safe for pregnant and lactating women?
- Isoniazid Drug Warnings and Cautions
- What other medicines may interact with Isoniazid?
- Can food or alcohol interact with Isoniazid?
- What health conditions may interact with Isoniazid?
- Isoniazid Drug Interactions
- What should I do in an emergency or overdose?
- What should I do if I miss a dose?
What drug isoniazid?
What is Isoniazid used for?
Isoniazid is a drug that is available in a variety of preparations. This drug belongs to the class of anti-tuberculosis agents, which are drugs that work by killing the bacteria that cause tuberculosis (TB).
This drug is usually used to treat tuberculosis (TB) infection. This infection is classified as serious and attacks the lungs and several other organs of the body. Apart from treating TB, this drug can also be used in conjunction with other medicines to treat TB infection.
This drug can also be used by patients who have direct contact with people with tuberculosis, patients who have HIV, and patients who have pulmonary fibrosis.
Isoniazid is included in prescription drugs. Therefore, if you want to buy it at a pharmacy, make sure you have included a prescription from your doctor.
How to use Isoniazid?
Before you use this drug, you must know the procedure for using the drug, as follows.
- Follow all directions on your prescription label. Do not take this medication in amounts greater or less or for longer than recommended.
- The dosage for use of this drug is usually determined by the doctor based on your health condition or response to drug use.
- Use Isoniazid on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after eating.
- Use this medication for the time recommended by your doctor. Don't stop without the doctor knowing. Because, your symptoms may have improved, but the infection has not completely healed.
- Missing doses can also increase the risk of further infection making it resistant to antibiotics. Isoniazid will not treat viral infections such as the flu or cold.
- Your liver function may need to be checked monthly while using this medicine.
- Your doctor may recommend that you take extra vitamin B6 while you are taking isoniazid. Take the exact amount of vitamin B6 your doctor has prescribed on the prescription record.
- Follow the rules given by your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
How is isoniazid stored?
The following are the procedures for storing drugs that you should pay attention to:
- This medication is best stored at room temperature. Do not store this medication in places that are too cold or too hot.
- Keep this medication away from exposure to sunlight or direct light.
- Do not store this medication in damp places, such as in the bathroom.
- This medicine should not be stored in the freezer, especially until frozen.
- This drug is available in a variety of drug brands. Other brands of this drug may have different storage rules.
- Observe the storage instructions on the product package or ask your pharmacist.
- Keep all medicines away from children and pets.
If you are no longer using the medicine, the medicine has gone bad, or the medicine has expired, you should throw the medicine away immediately. It is better if when disposing of this medicine, medicine waste is not mixed with ordinary household waste. In addition, do not also flush this medicine into drains such as toilets.
It would be better if you ask the pharmacist or staff from the local waste disposal agency about the proper and safe procedures for disposing of drugs, especially for environmental health.
Rules of Use Isoniazid
The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.
What is the dosage for Isoniazid for adults?
Adult dosage for tuberculosis - active
- Usual dose: 5 mligram (mg) / kilogram (kg) body weight (BW) either by mouth or injected through a muscle. The maximum daily dose is 300 mg.
- Duration of use of the drug: 6 months or 3 months if given together with other drugs such as rifampin and pyrazinamide.
- Asymptomatic infection: 10-20 mg / kg / day orally once daily. Maximum daily dose: 300 mg / day.
- To treat TB infection this drug needs to be combined with other drugs such as rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol / steptomycin.
Usual adult dose for tuberculosis - prophylaxis
- Usual dosage: 300 mg orally once a day
- Isoniazid should be continued for 6 months to prevent progression of active TB in uncomplicated patients.
Adult dosage for mycobacterium kansasii
- 600-900 mg IM or orally once a day.
What is the dosage of Isoniazid for children?
Children's dosage for tuberculosis - active
- Initial dose: 10-15 mg / kg IM or taken once daily.
- Maximum daily dose: 300 mg / day
- Duration of use: 8 weeks.
- Follow-up dose: 10-15 mg / kg IM or taken once a day or 20-40 mg / kg IM or taken 2-3 times a week.
- Maximum daily dose: 900 mg
- Duration of use: 16 weeks
Children's dosage for tuberculosis - asymptomatic
- Initial dose: 10-15 mg / kg IM or taken once daily.
- Maximum daily dose: 300 mg / day
- Duration of use: 8 weeks.
- Follow-up dose: 10-15 mg / kg IM or taken once a day or 20-40 mg / kg IM or taken 2-3 times a week.
- Maximum daily dose: 900 mg
- Duration of use: 16 weeks
In what dosage is Isoniazid available?
Isoniazid is available in tablet and injection drug forms.
Isoniazid dosage
What side effects can be experienced due to isoniazid?
As with drug use in general, the use of isoniazid also has the potential to cause side effect symptoms. These symptoms are usually in the form of certain health conditions.
If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Isoniazid and seek emergency medical help or contact your doctor right away:
- allergic reactions (difficulty breathing; closing of the throat, swelling of the lips, tongue, or face, or hives);
- unusual weakness or unknown cause
- nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite
- stomach ache
- jaundice characterized by yellow skin or eyes
- Dark urine
- numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
- seizures
- blurred vision
- confusion or abnormal behavior
Not all possible side effects are listed above. In addition, not everyone experiences the side effects that have been mentioned. It is possible that you may experience some side effects not listed above. If you have concerns about certain side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
Isoniazid side effects
What should be known before using Isoniazid?
Before using isoniazid, there are a number of things that you must understand and do, such as the following:
- Tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to isoniazid or any of the ingredients in this medication. Read the information on the drug packaging or ask your pharmacist about the ingredients in this medicine.
- Tell your doctor and pharmacist what medications you are taking, especially acetaminophen (Tylenol), antacids, carbamazepine (Tegretol), disulfiram (Antabuse), ketoconazole (Nizoral), phenytoin (Dilantin), theophylline (Theobid, Theo-Dur), valproic acid (Depakene, Depakote), and vitamins.
- Tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney disease, diabetes, tingling, burning, and pain in your fingers or toes (peripheral neuropathy), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. If you become pregnant while using isoniazid, call your doctor.
- Be aware that you do not have to drink alcoholic beverages while taking this medicine.
- If you are 35 years of age and over, your doctor should regularly check the enzymes in your liver before starting treatment to determine whether this drug is safe to use or not.
- Usually, liver problems may arise during treatment. In fact, this condition can continue even though you have stopped using this drug for months.
Is Isoniazid safe for pregnant and lactating women?
There is no adequate research on the risks of using this drug in pregnant or breastfeeding women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication. This drug is included in the risk of pregnancy category C according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). or equivalent to the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Indonesia. The following references the pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:
- A = No risk,
- B = not at risk in several studies,
- C = May be risky,
- D = There is positive evidence of risk,
- X = Contraindicated,
- N = Unknown
Small concentrations of isoniazid in breast milk do not produce toxicity in newborns. Therefore, breastfeeding mothers should not be discouraged. However, because the levels of Isoniazid are very low in breast milk, they cannot be used for prophylaxis or therapy for a nursing infant.
Ask your doctor first whether the use of this drug in breastfeeding mothers is dangerous. Make sure you know the risks and benefits of using the drug. Only use this medicine if you really need it and if your doctor permits its use.
Isoniazid Drug Warnings and Cautions
What other medicines may interact with Isoniazid?
Drug interactions can change the performance of your medications or increase the risk of serious side effects. However, the interaction between the two right drugs can be the best alternative for your condition.
Not all possible drug interactions are listed in this article. Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription / non-prescription drugs and herbal products) and consult your doctor or pharmacist. This will make it easier for your doctor to adjust the dosage of the drug and help you avoid unwanted interactions.
Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without your doctor's approval. The following are some of the types of drugs that may interact with isoniazid. Among others are:
- Acetaminophen
- Acrivastine
- Amiodarone
- Bupropion
- Carbamazepine
- Domperidone
- Eliglustat
- Fentanyl
- Glimepiride
- Itraconazole
- Ketoconazole
- Levodopa
- Piperaquine
- Rifampin
- Tegafur
- Aminosalicylic Acid
- Diazepam
- Disulfiram
- Enflurane
- Ethionamide
- Fosphenytoin
- Meperidine
- Phenytoin
- Warfarin
Can food or alcohol interact with Isoniazid?
Certain drugs should not be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur.
Discuss your use of drugs with food, alcohol, or tobacco with your health care provider. The following types of food and alcohol have the potential to interact with isoniazid:
- ethanol
- foods containing tyramine
What health conditions may interact with Isoniazid?
The presence of other health problems in your body may affect the use of this medicine. The interactions that occur may increase the risk of side effects, change how the medication works, or actually worsen your health condition.
Tell your doctor if you have other health problems so that the doctor can determine whether using this drug is safe for your condition. The following are some of the health conditions that may interact with isoniazid:
- Alcohol abuse (or history)
- Liver disease. Use of this drug may increase the risk of hepatitis, especially by drinking alcohol every day or in patients with liver disease.
- Kidney disease (severe). Use of this drug may increase the risk of side effects in patients with chronic kidney disease.
- Seizure disorders such as epilepsy. Drug use may increase the risk of seizures in some patients.
Isoniazid Drug Interactions
What should I do in an emergency or overdose?
In case of an emergency or overdose, contact the local emergency services provider (112) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department.
- Throws up
- Acute headaches
- Extreme sleepiness
- Cannot speak fluently
- Blurred eyesight
- Hallucinating
- Can't breathe
- Increased thirst
- The feeling of wanting to urinate increases
- Loss of self-awareness
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you forget a dose of this medicine, take the missed dose as soon as possible. However, if you remember that it is nearing the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to your usual dosing schedule to use the next dose.
Don't double the dose. The reason is, double doses do not guarantee you will recover faster and instead increase the risk of side effects. Apart from that, double doses also have the potential to increase your overdose.
Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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