Reiter's syndrome: definition, causes and how to treat it

Definition

What is Reiter's syndrome?

Reiter's syndrome aka reactive arthritis is joint pain and swelling that is triggered by an infection in another part of your body, most commonly in the intestines, genitals, or urinary tract. This disease causes damage to several organs such as conjunctivitis, urinary tract, intestines, and kidneys.

The knee, foot, and ankle joints are all targeted by reactive arthritis. Inflammation can also affect the eyes, skin, and urethra when you have reactive arthritis.

How common is Reiter's syndrome?

Reiter's syndrome is most commonly seen in people aged 20-40 years. You can reduce your chances of getting reactive arthritis by reducing your risk factors. Talk to your doctor for more information.

Signs & symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of Reiter's syndrome?

Reactive arthritis signs and symptoms generally begin one to three weeks after exposure to the infection. Symptoms include:

• pain and stiffness. Joint pain associated with reactive arthritis is most common in the knees, ankles, and feet. You may also experience pain in your heels, back, or buttocks
• eye inflammation. Many people who have reactive arthritis also develop inflammation of the eye (conjunctivitis).
• urination problems. Increased frequency and discomfort when urinating can occur, including inflammation of the prostate gland or of the cervix
• swelling of the fingers. In some cases, toes or hands may swell and resemble sausages
• Other symptoms include: low-grade fever, fatigue, muscle aches, stiff joints, heel pain and low back pain, ulcers on the mouth and tongue, rash on the tip of the penis and soles of the feet

There may be other symptoms and signs not listed above. If you have concerns about certain symptoms of this disease, consult your doctor.

When should I see a doctor?

You should see your doctor if you have swelling and pain in your joints or painful urination, especially if you have recently been diagnosed with diarrhea. If you have any of the signs or symptoms listed above or have any questions, consult your doctor. Everyone's body is different. Always discuss with your doctor what is best for your situation.

Cause

What causes Reiter's syndrome?

The symptoms of Reiter's syndrome often look similar to those of a bacterial infection. Most of the causes are:

• sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), such as chlamydia
• stomach ailments, such as food poisoning or intestinal infections.

Reactive arthritis is not contagious. However, the bacteria that cause it can be transmitted sexually or through contaminated food. But only a few of the people who are exposed to these bacteria will develop reactive arthritis.

Risk factors

What increases my risk for Reiter's syndrome?

Certain factors increase your risk of reactive arthritis:

• Age. Reactive arthritis most commonly occurs in people aged 20-40 years
• Sexual life. Women and men are both prone to developing reactive arthritis which is a reaction to food. However, men are more at risk than women for reactive arthritis during sexual intercourse
• Heredity. Certain genetic factors have also been linked to reactive arthritis. However, many people have a knack for this disease but never develop reactive arthritis
• A genetic factor, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27, can increase a person's chances of developing reactive arthritis. However, it inherits the HLA gene B27 does not mean you will develop reactive arthritis

Drugs & Medicines

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor.

What are my treatment options for Reiter's syndrome?

Treatment involves drugs, exercise, and physical therapy.

Antibiotics can treat infections. NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen help with pain, stiffness, and swelling. It is likely that people with long-lasting arthritis need other drugs to maintain their immune system. Sometimes, injecting the hormone cortisone into the joint is quite helpful. Steroid eye drops may be needed to treat eye inflammation.

Physical therapy and exercise are very important. A therapist can teach you simple stretches and strengthening exercises. Good posture can reduce pain and allow you to move normally in the joints and spine.

Some people recover completely within 3 to 4 months. However, even with treatment many people continue to experience bouts of arthritis, back pain, rashes, eye inflammation and urination symptoms.

What are the usual tests for Reiter's syndrome?

The doctor can make a diagnosis from symptoms and a physical examination.

There is no specific test for this syndrome, but the doctor will do a blood test, which is the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). People who have arthritis usually have high blood levels. Another test is to look for certain substances in the blood known as antigens. About 80% to 90% of sufferers have the same substance, the HLA-B27 antigen. The doctor may also take X-rays of the affected joint.

Home remedies

What are some lifestyle changes or home remedies that can be done to treat Reiter's syndrome?

Here are some lifestyle and home remedies that can help you deal with reactive arthritis:

• take medicines regularly and do regular checkups
• exercise every day as a stretch and to prevent your joints from stiffening
• use a hot pillow or take a hot shower to help relieve stiffness and pain. Apply ice or cold packs to reduce swelling
• Maintain good posture when sitting, standing, and sleeping
• avoid things related to the spread of reactive arthritis bacteria by practicing safe sex and avoiding things that can cause food poisoning.

If you have any questions, consult your doctor for the best solution to your problem.