Table of contents:
- What is the risk of severe symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women?
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- What is the risk of COVID-19 to mother and fetus
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Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 have a higher risk of worsening symptoms than women who are not pregnant. Although there is no clear evidence of vertical transmission from mother to fetus, being infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy needs to be watched out because it has several health risks.
It's no wonder that since the beginning of the pandemic, the National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) has urged young couples to postpone pregnancy plans until the pandemic ends.
This appeal is not only to prevent transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy, but because the overall condition of the pandemic is unsafe for both mother and fetus. In addition, access to health facilities is also limited.
What is the risk of severe symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women?
The researchers studied further the possibilities experienced by pregnant women when infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19.
A study from the United States CDC said that pregnant women who contract COVID-19 are more likely to need treatment with a ventilator or ICU (intensive care room). In addition, the study states there is a tendency for pregnant women with COVID-19 to have a high risk of giving birth to premature babies.
These results are known after reviewing 77 studies on COVID-19 in pregnant women. Collectively, the research includes data on 13,118 pregnant and recently pregnant women infected with COVID-19. The research team also compared pregnant women with COVID-19 with women of reproductive age who were not pregnant.
"Pregnant women infected with COVID-19 appear to be at higher risk of requiring care in the ICU or on a ventilator," wrote the research team in the study.
Pregnant women who were included in the research category were those who visited the hospital regardless of their gestational age.
"It should be noted that studies like this have a large possibility of bias," said dr. Marian Knight, professor of maternal and child population health Oxford University English. He reminded the need for more in-depth research.
The American Center for Disease Control (CDC), which also reports on this risk, said it and several agencies would collect more data to deepen the study and develop clinical guidelines for pregnant women.
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DeathDistribution MapWhat is the risk of COVID-19 to mother and fetus
A COVID-19 positive pregnancy is associated with abnormalities in the placenta. These abnormalities have the potential to affect the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. However, what kind of effect the virus has on the possibility of long-term abnormalities in infants is not yet known.
Experts see it is possible that a developing fetus can contract COVID-19 vertically from its mother during pregnancy. However, there is no strong enough evidence regarding this possibility because there have been cases of pregnant women who were positive for COVID-19 being able to give birth to a baby without transmitting COVID-19.
COVID-19 requires viral receptor molecules to cause infection in a person's body. A recent study showed that the placenta contains very few viral receptor molecules, so there may not be enough to accept or become viral receptors.
These findings could explain why the virus is rarely found in newborns of mothers who are positive for COVID-19. But it does not rule out vertical transmission.
If the baby's parents are found to be positive, even though there is no vertical transmission, there is still a risk of transmission from parents and other adults when they arrive home.
Although generally COVID-19 in children does not experience severe symptoms, it is different from newborns. Their respiratory and immature immune systems put babies at greater risk of worsening symptoms than children.
To reduce diseases related to COVID-19, pregnant women must be aware of the potential risk of severe symptoms due to COVID-19. Prevention of COVID-19 must be emphasized for pregnant women and potential obstacles that affect compliance with prevention of transmission must be addressed immediately.
