Table of contents:
- Development of toddlers aged 1-5 years
- Development of 1 year old toddlers
- Toddler growth
- Gross motor skills
- Fine motor skills
- Language and communication skills
- Cognitive abilities
- Social and emotional skills
- Development of children aged 2 years
- Growth
- Gross motor skills
- Fine motor skills
- Language and communication skills
- Cognitive abilities
- Social and emotional skills
- Cognitive abilities
- Development of toddlers aged 3 years
- Growth
- Gross motor skills
- Fine motor skills
- Language skill
- Cognitive abilities
- Social and emotional skills
- The stage of development and development of toddlers aged 4 years
- Growth
- Gross motor skills
- Fine motor skills
- Language skill
- Cognitive abilities
- Social and emotional development
- The stage of growth and development for toddlers aged 5 years
- Growth
- Fine motor skills
- Gross motor skills
- Language and communication skills
- Cognitive abilities
- Social and emotional development
For parents, monitoring the development and development of children under five is very important to know where the little one's growing. That way, when there are abilities that children their age have generally done but haven't done by your child, a consultation with a doctor can be done immediately.
The following is a complete explanation of the development of toddlers aged 1-5 years from the motor, cognitive, and language aspects of the little one.
Development of toddlers aged 1-5 years
Broadly speaking, the following is an explanation of the growth and development stages of children aged 1-5 years based on the Denver II child development chart and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Development of 1 year old toddlers
Broadly speaking, toddlers aged 1 year already have the following abilities:
- Stand alone but not that long
- Roll alone
- Saying a wish by crying
- Able to pronounce unclear baby language
- Wave hands
- Eat alone even though it's still messy
- Change position from lying down to sitting, then sitting to standing and back to sitting
The things above are the abilities possessed by 1 year old toddlers. If your little one hasn't been able to do everything, there's no need to worry. Try to practice it slowly and gradually.
The following is a complete explanation of the development of toddlers aged 1 year from other aspects.
Toddler growth
When a child has entered the age of 1 year, his or her weight has reached about 3 times the birth weight, while the height has increased by half its length at birth.
For the size of the brain, it is about 60 percent of the size of the adult brain. After experiencing a very fast growth in one year, the growth at the next age will be slower but the development that occurs will be more.
Gross motor skills
From the gross motoric aspect, children aged 1 year or 12 months can stand upright without the help of others and have started walking slowly.
One year old children can also wake up on their own without having to be assisted by other people. However, some children still cannot stand for too long and need help.
Fine motor skills
At the age of one year, the development of toddlers from the aspect of fine motor skills is that they are able to pick up objects around them. Not only that, your little one has also started to grasp objects in their hands and learn to put them in boxes.
As a parent, you may feel that your child is starting to imitate frequent movements, such as when cleaning their face, scratching their head, or putting away objects.
Language and communication skills
How are the language skills of 1 year olds? He can already respond to the various questions you give him. He is also able to perform some simple body movements such as nodding his head or shaking his hands to mean "goodbye".
Cognitive abilities
Some children can be given directions when they are 1 year old. For example, your little one can move or store several items.
Children also understand and are interested in cause and effect after doing something, for example, they throw a toy ball and think what will happen afterwards. Then, the child responds by taking the ball.
Social and emotional skills
At the age of one year, children can respond when spoken to by others, for example with a smile or a wave of their hand.
Some children feel enthusiastic when socializing with new people, but there are also children who are shy and tend to be quiet.
If you see your little one often say goodbye by waving or doing kiss bye, it is a form of social development of toddlers aged 1 year.
If your little one feels close to that person, he will cry because he feels the sadness of being separated from him.
Development of children aged 2 years
For children aged 2 years, the following abilities are owned:
- Jump
- Throwing and kicking the ball
- The child's speech is clearer
- Recognizing and naming body parts
- Say the name of a friend or person you often meet
- Brush your own teeth
- Point and speak the image being viewed
- Holding a crayon or colored pencil with the thumb and forefinger
For more details, here is a complete explanation of the development of a 2 year old toddler:
Growth
Quoting from the CDC, the weight gain for children aged 12 to 24 months is 1.5 to 2.5 kilograms. Meanwhile, the height increase that occurs in that age range is around 10 to 13 cm.
Gross motor skills
In the second year, the child's motor development will be very rapid, for example, he can slowly climb stairs, kick a ball, and can start jogging. Most children as young as 2 years old can even stand on their toes.
Fine motor skills
How is the fine motor skills of a 2 year old toddler? When viewed from the Denver II chart, your little one is able to arrange blocks up to 8 levels, arrange objects vertically, and open storybook sheets. Not only that, 2 year olds are also more confident in moving.
Language and communication skills
2 year olds already have more than 50 words and can say two words. For example, "want to eat" or "take off your shoes". Your little one's speech has become clearer and more understandable, he no longer speaks baby language.
Not only that, your baby can also point to 4 pictures and say what he sees. Children can already say 6 body parts while pointing at them. For example, legs, nose, stomach, ears, hair, head.
Cognitive abilities
Your little one already knows the time difference like now, later, a few minutes, or even the word forever. Your child may also be able to do some of the simple things you instruct him to do.
For example, putting a book on the table or washing your hands, and so on. At this age the child has started to fantasize or pretend with various toys.
Social and emotional skills
Maybe some parents feel surprised to see 2 year olds more independent and confident. Toddlers at this age are happy to do a number of things themselves, such as washing their hands, brushing their teeth, wearing pants and clothes even though they have to be helped.
Ever argue with your child because they don't want to wear the dress of your choice? This includes the emotional abilities and development of children.
Cognitive abilities
How is the cognitive abilities of 2 year olds? They begin to learn independence and solve simple problems, such as:
- Grouping toys according to type and color
- Role playing
- Pair the same picture
Your little one also starts to enjoy doing things on his own under the direction of his parents. For example, storing food in the refrigerator or taking your own bowl.
Development of toddlers aged 3 years
Based on the Denver II chart, a 3 year old child already has the ability to:
- Jump further
- Lift your legs to balance for 1-3 seconds
- Specify the color type
- Counting toys 1-10
- Know 2 types of verbs (work father, big brother)
- The child's scribbles are getting clearer
- Arrange blocks into 8 levels
- Combines 2-4 words into one sentence
- Eat alone without the help of others
Above is a list of the abilities of a 3 year old child, along with a full explanation.
Growth
Entering the age of 3 years, the child's weight gain is about 2 kilograms and the height has increased by approximately 8 cm when compared to before.
There is no need to worry if a 3 year old child looks thinner and has a flat stomach because he grows more in height. In addition, children who are 3 years old already have complete baby teeth.
Gross motor skills
When your child is 3 years old, he will have developed sufficiently fast muscle movement that he will be able to run, climb - up and down stairs on his own - kick a ball, bike and jump.
Fine motor skills
You will see a clearer picture of your little one at the age of 3 years. Your child can already draw lines that form certain objects such as squares, triangles, or straight lines such as train tracks.
Pay attention to how your child gets better with colored pencils or crayons. He holds the drawing tool with his thumb and another finger between the crayon or colored pencils.
Language skill
You have more vocabulary and learn new words quickly. Already know the various types of objects that are commonly around.
The language skills of children at this age, he often asked, he also already understood what he heard, but could not fully express their feelings in words.
They can also say one complete sentence consisting of 4 to 5 words.
Cognitive abilities
At this age your little one already knows about their name, age, and gender, can remember some numbers and letters. Children can also play composing puzzle, often fantasize about his pets and toys.
Not only that, your little one can follow 2-3 instructions at once, such as "take your toy and place it on the table". He also began to understand meal times according to the meal schedule that had been made.
Social and emotional skills
As you get older, your child will show more independence. This can be seen from the activities that he does himself without the help of others.
For example, take off and put on your own clothes or take your own cutlery.
The stage of development and development of toddlers aged 4 years
Children aged 4 years have the following abilities on average:
- Prepare snacks such as bread and milk
- Wear your own skirt
- Brush your teeth without the help of others
- Trying to draw people
- Imitating a friend's picture
- Mention 1-4 types of color
- Retelling stories read or heard
For more details, the development of toddlers aged 4 years is as follows:
Growth
At the age of 4 years, the child's height increases by 8 cm and the weight gain is about 2 kilograms.
One of the supporting factors is the choice of weight gain milk for children. To find out whether the physical growth of the child is normal or not, you should look at the growth table or growth chart.
Gross motor skills
Most children aged 4 years are able to stand, walk and run on their own feet without adult assistance.
In addition, they are also able to cycle smoothly, play football, and are able to go up and down stairs without holding anything.
Fine motor skills
At the age of 4 years, children can use scissors, draw a circle or a rectangle, draw a complete person with 2 to 4 body parts, and can write several capital letters.
He can also draw by imitating what other people make, such as a circle, triangle, or box.
Language skill
You have more vocabulary, because you can speak 1 complete sentence with 5 to 6 words in it.
The 4 year old child is also able to explain an incident and his experience, sing, tell a short story, and understand everything the adults say and explain to him.
Cognitive abilities
Cognitive development of children aged 4 years, namely being able to say their name completely, understand the concepts of calculations and numbers, already know various kinds of colors and types of animals.
In addition, they already know the difference between reality and fantasy. Even so, they will still play pretend with their toys, or even make imaginary friends.
Social and emotional development
Children understand the feelings of others more when they are 4 years old. Your little one will calm down when his friend is crying and will be happy when his friend is happy.
Your child also shows what he feels, such as happy, sad, angry, confused, jealous of his younger sibling.
The stage of growth and development for toddlers aged 5 years
In the development of children aged 5 years, on average, they have the ability to:
- Somersaults and jumps
- Climb up
- Lift one leg to balance for 1-6 seconds
- Use your own cutlery
- Repeating the story heard
- Pointing and pronouncing 6 colors
For further explanation, here is the complete development of toddlers aged 5 years.
Growth
Children aged 5 years have at least an increase of about 4 cm in height and weight of 2 kilograms. However, this weight gain is relatively dependent on the growth and development of children under five.
Fine motor skills
From the point of view of the child's motor skills, the picture becomes clearer at the age of 5 years. They are no longer in the form of scribbles, but more visible forms, such as pictures of people, animals, or other shapes.
He is also adept at arranging the blocks into 5-9 story towers. He also drew limbs complete with head, hands, feet, eyes, nose and mouth. Even though the picture is still like a 'scarecrow'.
Gross motor skills
Children are more active at the age of 5 years. He will be very much moving, such as running, climbing, jumping, until somersaults.
This includes the gross motor development of children according to their age. Let him move actively but still with supervision so that the toddler's growth and development continues well.
Language and communication skills
Their language skills are very developed, your child can tell a complete story about the experiences, feelings, and characteristics of the people they meet.
You can also share your thoughts and ask him your opinion on various things.
Cognitive abilities
Toddler's development is getting better, he can already remember the home address and telephone number of the closest person.
Not only that, he became acquainted with various letters and numbers more and more, understood the concept of time such as later, a few days later, tomorrow, and so on. He is a child who can count the objects around him.
Social and emotional development
Quoted from Childmind, 5 year olds begin to enjoy doing their own activities according to their interests, such as singing, dancing, or acting.
The social life of children at this age is high, because the children begin to feel like their friends. He understood that there were others to care for. Parents also need to understand growth and development disorders in children so they can be more vigilant.
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