Glibenclamide: functions, dosage, side effects, how to use

What Drug Glibenclamide?

What is glibenclamide used for?

Glibenclamide, or it can also be called glibenclamide, is a oral medication in the form of tablets. This drug belongs to the antidiabetic drug class, sulfonylurea. This drug can lower blood sugar levels by increasing the production of natural insulin in the body through the pancreas.

Glibenclamide is commonly used in a series of treatments to control high blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. This treatment includes exercising and managing a healthy diet. This drug can also be used with other diabetes medications.

Controlling your blood sugar levels helps prevent kidney damage, blindness, nerve problems, leg loss, and problems with sexual function. Proper diabetes control can also reduce the risk of heart attack or stroke.

This drug is included in the types of prescription drugs. So, you can only buy it if it is accompanied by a prescription from a doctor.

How is glibenclamide used?

To get the maximum benefit from using drugs, there are a number of things you should pay attention to about how to use drugs, such as:

• Use this medication in the manner prescribed by the doctor on the prescription note. Do not change the dose without the doctor knowing.
• Take this medication with breakfast or your first meal as directed by your doctor, usually once daily. Some patients, especially those on higher doses, may be advised to use this medicine twice a day.
• The dose of this drug is determined by your doctor based on your health condition and response to therapy. To reduce the risk of developing side effects, your doctor may recommend that you start this medication at a low dose and increase it gradually. Follow the doctor's rules carefully.
• If you are already taking other antidiabetic drugs (such as chlorpropamide), follow your doctor's instructions carefully to be able to stop the old drugs and start using glibenclamide.
• If you are also taking colesevelam, take glibenclamide at least 4 hours before colesevelam.
• Use this remedy regularly for maximum benefits. To help you, use it every day at the same time. Tell your doctor if your condition does not improve or even gets worse (your blood sugar level is too high or too low).
• Follow the rules given by your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

How is glibenclamide stored?

This medication is best stored at room temperature, away from direct light and damp places. Don't keep it in the bathroom. Don't freeze it. Other brands of this drug may have different storage rules. Observe the storage instructions on the product package or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medicines down the toilet or down the drain unless instructed to do so. Discard this product when it has expired or when it is no longer needed. Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company about how to safely dispose of your product.

Glibenclamide dosage

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.

What is the glibenclamide dosage for adults?

Adult dosage for type 2 diabetes

• Initial dose: 2.5 mg (standard) or 1.5 mg (micronized) orally once a day in the morning with breakfast.
• Maintenance dose: 1.25-20 mg (standard) or 0.75-12 mg (micronized) orally in 1 or 2 divided doses.
• Maximum dose: 20 mg / day (standard) or 12 mg / day (micronized).

What is the glibenclamide dosage for children?

There is no prescribed dosage for this drug for children. This medicine can be dangerous for children. It is important to understand the safety of drugs before use. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

In what dosage is glibenclamide available?

Glibenclamide is available in the following dosages:

Tablet, Oral: 1.25 mg, 1.5 mg, 2.5 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, 6 mg

Glibenclamide side effects

What side effects can be experienced due to glibenclamide?

Stop using Glibenclamide and seek emergency medical help immediately if you experience signs of an allergic reaction: hives, difficulty breathing; swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat.

Stop using this drug and contact your doctor if you experience the following serious side effects:

• nausea, stomach pain, low fever, no appetite, dark urine, cloudy bowel movements, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
• pale, confused or limp skin
• easy bruising or bleeding, small red or purple spots under the skin
• headache, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, lightheadedness, hallucinations, fainting, seizures, slow breathing or stopping breathing.

The less severe side effects include:

• mild nausea, heartburn, feel claustrophobic
• joint or muscle pain
• blurred vision or
• itching or mild skin rash

Not everyone experiences the following side effects. There may be some side effects not listed above. If you have concerns about certain side effects, consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Glibenclamide Drug Warnings and Cautions

What should be known before using glibenclamide?

Before using glibenclamide, there are a few caveats that you should know, including:

• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to glibenclamide, any other medications, or any other ingredients to glibenclamide. Ask your pharmacist for a list of the ingredients for this drug.
• tell your doctor if you are taking bosentan (Tracleer). Your doctor may ask you not to use Glibenclamide if you are taking this drug.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist any prescription and nonprescription drugs, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you use or plan to use. Make sure you tell your doctor or pharmacist if you stop using any other medicines while using glibenclamide. Your doctor may need to change your dose or regularly monitor possible side effects.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had G6PD deficiency (an inherited condition that causes the rapid breakdown of red blood cells or hemolytic anemia); if you have hormonal disorders related to the adrenal, pituitary, or thyroid glands; or if you have heart, kidney, or liver disease.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding. If you become pregnant and are taking glibenclamide, contact your doctor.
• if you are going to have surgery, such as dental surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking glibenclamide.
• ask your doctor about the safety of alcohol consumption while using Glibenclamide. Alcohol can worsen the side effects of glibenclamide. Alcohol consumption while using Glibenclamide can also cause it flushing (flushed face), headache, nausea, vomiting, chest pain, weakness, blurred vision, mental confusion, sweating, choking, difficulty breathing, and anxiety.
• avoid unnecessary or prolonged sun exposure and wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Glibenclamide can make your skin sensitive to sunlight.
• ask your doctor what to do if you are sick, have an infection or fever, experience unusual stress, or are injured. This condition can affect your blood sugar and the amount of Glibenclamide you need.

Is glibenclamide safe for pregnant and lactating women?

There are no adequate studies regarding the risks of using this drug in pregnant or nursing women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication. This drug is included in the risk of pregnancy category C according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in America which is equivalent to the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) in Indonesia. The following references the pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:

• A = No risk,
• B = not at risk in several studies,
• C = May be risky,
• D = There is positive evidence of risk,
• X = Contraindicated,
• N = Unknown

Glibenclamide Drug Interactions

What medicines may interact with glibenclamide?

Drug interactions can change the performance of your medications or increase the risk of serious side effects. Not all possible drug interactions are listed in this article.

Keep a list of all the products you use (including prescription / non-prescription drugs and herbal products) and consult your doctor or pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without your doctor's approval.

Your risk of developing hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) will be higher if you take glibenclamide with other drugs that can lower your blood sugar, such as:

• exenatide (Byetta)
• probenecid (Benemid)
• aspirin or other salicylates (including Pepto Bismol)
• a blood thinner (warfarin, Coumadin, Jantoven)
• sulfa drugs (Bactrim, SMZ-TMP, and others)
• monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or
• insulin or oral diabetes medication.

Other medicines that can interact with glibenclamide

• angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril, (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril) ), ramipril (Altace), and trandolapril (Mavik)
• anticoagulants (“blood thinners”) such as warfarin (Coumadin);
• aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)
• beta blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin), labetalol (Normodyne), metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL), nadolol (Corgard), and propranolol (Inderal)
• calcium channel blockers such as amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Cardizem, Dilacor, Tiazac, others), felodipine (Plendil), isradipine (DynaCirc), nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), nimodipine (Nimotop), nisoldipine (Sular), and verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Verelan)
• Chloramphenicol
• clarithromycin (Biaxin)
• cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)
• disopyramide (Norpace)
• diuretics ('water pills')
• fluconazole (Diflucan), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem)
• hormone replacement therapy and hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches, rings, implants, and injections)
• insulin or other drugs to treat high blood sugar or diabetes; isoniazid (INH)
• asthma and flu medication
• medicine for mental disorders and nausea
• miconazole (Monistat)
• Niacin
• oral steroids such as dexamethasone (Decadron, Dexone), methylprednisolone (Medrol), and prednisone (Deltasone); phenytoin (Dilantin)
• probenecid (Benemid)
• quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as cinoxacin (Cinobac), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), enoxacin (Penetrex), gatifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), moxifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), moxifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), moxifloxacin (Tequin), levofloxacin (Levaquin), lomefloxacin (Maxaquin), moxifloxacin (Nequin) , ofloxacin (Floxin), sparfloxacin (Zagam), trovafloxacin and alatrofloxacin combination (Trovan)
• Rifampin
• anti-pain salicylates such as magnesium trisalicylate, choline salicylate (Arthropan), diflunisal (Dolobid), magnesium salicylate (Doan's, others), and salsalates (Argesic, Disalcid, Salgesic); sulfa antibiotics such as co-trimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra); sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
• thyroid medication.

Can food or alcohol interact with glibenclamide?

Certain drugs should not be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur. Discuss your use of drugs with food, alcohol, or tobacco with your health care provider.

The following interactions were selected based on differences in drug potential and not necessarily all included.

Using this drug with other drugs is usually not recommended, but may be needed in some cases. If the two drugs are prescribed together, your doctor may have changed the dose or frequency of use of one or both drugs, or given you specific rules regarding food, alcohol or tobacco.

• Ethanol

What health conditions can interact with glibenclamide?

The presence of other health problems in your body may affect the use of this drug. Tell your doctor if you have other health problems, in particular:

• alcohol abuse
• the adrenal glands are underactive
• the pituitary gland is underactive
• malnutrition
• weak physical condition
• other conditions that cause low blood sugar levels. Patients with this condition are more likely to experience low blood sugar while using glibenclamide.
• diabetic ketoacidosis (ketones in the blood)
• type 1 diabetes. Glibenclamide should not be used in patients with this condition.
• fever
• infection
• operation
• Trauma. This condition can cause temporary problems with blood sugar control and your doctor may treat you with insulin for a while.
• Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency (enzyme problem). May cause hemolytic anemia (blood disorder) in patients with this condition.
• Heart disease. Use with care. Can make this condition worse
• Kidney illness
• Liver disease. Use with care. The effect can be increased due to slower removal of the drug from the body

Glibenclamide overdose

What should I do in an emergency or overdose?

In case of an emergency or overdose, contact the local emergency services provider (112) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department.

Overdose symptoms can include hypoglycemia symptoms such as:

• seizures
• loss of consciousness

What should I do if I miss a dose?

If you forget a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, when it is nearing the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the usual dosing schedule. Don't double the dose.

Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.