Mannitol: functions, dosage, side effects, how to use

What Drug Mannitol?

What's the Manitol for?

Mannitol is a drug used to reduce pressure in the head due to swelling in the brain. This drug can also be used to reduce eye pressure due to glaucoma and help encourage the body of patients with acute kidney failure to produce more urine.

This increased urine production helps prevent the kidneys from getting worse and also speeds up the elimination of certain toxic substances that accumulate in the body. This also reduces the water content in the brain cells and eyeball, so that the pressure will slowly decrease.

Basically, Mannitol is a diuretic drug or what is also known as a "water pill". These drugs help reduce fluid buildup in the body and lower high blood pressure.

The drug Mannitol is given by infusion line (intravenously). Administration through an IV can help speed up the absorption of the drug into the bloodstream. That way, the drug will work more optimally to treat the patient's condition.

Due to intravenous drip, its use must be closely monitored by a doctor. When used improperly, this drug has the potential to cause dangerous side effects that can be fatal.

How to use Manitol?

The use of Mannitol drugs must be under the supervision of doctors and nurses. This means, you should not use it yourself and have to go to a certain hospital or clinic.

The doctor will inject the drug into a vein through an IV line. Usually the most frequently infused parts are the back of the hand or the inner elbow (between the upper and lower arms).

Before inserting the needle into the vein, the doctor or nurse will usually clean the area that was injected with alcohol. The goal is that the area is clean from exposure to germs that can trigger infection.

When the needle has penetrated the skin, you may experience some aches and pains. But calm down, this pain is generally only at the beginning and will soon disappear.

Mannitol medication should be given slowly and you may have to wait some time for all of the medication to enter the blood vessels. During your treatment, doctors and nurses will monitor you very closely to ensure that this medicine does not cause dangerous side effects.

Doctors and nurses may also ask you to undergo regular medical tests. This includes routine checks of blood, blood pressure, heart function, kidney function, and so on.

The results of these medical tests will help the doctor see the effectiveness of the drug as well as determine how long your treatment should be. Try to ask your doctor directly about when you should do it and what are the preparations.

Immediately go to the doctor if the condition does not improve even though you have used the drug regularly or you experience bad symptoms.

How is the storage of the Manitol?

Mannitol medicine is best stored at room temperature, away from direct light and damp places. Don't keep it in the bathroom. Don't freeze it.

Other brands of the drug Mannitol may have different storage rules. Observe the storage instructions on the product package or ask your pharmacist. Keep all medicines away from children and pets.

Do not flush medicines down the toilet or down the drain unless instructed to do so. Discard this product when it has expired or when it is no longer needed.

Consult your pharmacist or local waste disposal company about how to safely dispose of your product.

Mannitol dosage

The information provided is not a substitute for medical advice. ALWAYS consult your doctor or pharmacist before starting treatment.

What is the dose of Mannitol for adults?

The dose of the drug to lower the pressure in the brain or eyeball is 1.5-2 g / kgBW. The drug is given by infusion with a solution containing 15-20% Mannitol, for 30-60 minutes.

Meanwhile, for renal failure therapy, drug doses range from 50-200 g / kgBW in a 24 hour period, through infusion with 15-20% monnitol solution. The dosing rate should be adjusted to maintain urine at least 30-50 mL / hour.

In principle, the dosage of the drug Mannitol for each person may be different. Drug dosage is usually adjusted according to age, body weight (BW), the patient's overall health condition, and their response to treatment.

Be sure to always consult a doctor or pharmacist before taking any type of medication. This is solely to ensure that you are taking the drug according to the recommended dosage.

What is the dose of Mannitol for children?

There is no definite dose of Mannitol for children. The drug Mannitol can be dangerous for children if used carelessly. Therefore, to understand the safety of drugs before use, please ask directly to a doctor or pharmacist.

In what dosage is Mannitol available?

The drug Mannitol is available as an injection solution with a content of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%.

Mannitol side effects

What are the side effects of Mannitol?

Just like any other drug, Mannitol drug also has the potential to cause side effects. However, if used in appropriate doses and under close supervision by a doctor, side effects may be less severe.

Some of the most common side effects that patients complain about when using the drug Mannitol include:

• Urinating frequently
• The thirst continues
• Feel nauseous and want to vomit
• Fever
• Limp body
• Mild headaches
• Dizzy
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Pain in the chest
• Blurry view
• Pain or swelling at the injection site

In rare cases, the drug Mannitol can also cause serious side effects. If you feel or see someone who experiences the following, you should immediately take it to the nearest hospital.

• Swelling in the hands or feet
• Unusual restlessness
• Heavy sweating
• Severe shortness of breath even with light activity
• Cough with thick, foamy mucus
• Heart beats fast or irregular
• Pain or difficulty urinating
• Feeling awkward, like wanting to pass out
• Symptoms of dehydration include feeling very thirsty or hot, unable to urinate, heavy sweating, hot or dry skin.
• Muscle pain or weakness
• Seizures

Not everyone experiences this side effect. There may be some side effects not listed above. If you are concerned about the side effects please consult your doctor or pharmacist.

Mannitol Drug Warnings and Cautions

What should be known before using Mannitol?

The drug Mannitol should not be used haphazardly. Some things you need to know and do before using them include:

• • Tell your doctor if you are allergic to Mannitol or other diuretic drugs. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist for a constituent list of drugs before you use them.
• Tell your doctor about all medications you are currently taking or will be taking regularly. This includes prescription drugs, non-prescription drugs, to medicines made from natural and herbal ingredients.
• Tell your doctor if you have had or are experiencing severe and prolonged liver and kidney function problems.
• Tell your doctor if you have blockages in your lungs or pulmonary edema.
• Tell your doctor if you have congenital or chronic heart failure.
• Tell your doctor if you experience bleeding in the brain that is not related to surgery.
• Tell your doctor if you are severely dehydrated.
• Tell your doctor if the electrolyte levels in your blood are imbalanced (for example, low levels of potassium or sodium.

The drug Mannitol may cause headaches and lightheadedness when you wake up too quickly from lying or sitting. Generally, side effects will be experienced when you first use it.

In order to avoid these side effects, try to get out of bed slowly. Place your feet on the floor for a few minutes before standing up.

Also, be aware that the drug Mannitol can cause drowsiness. Therefore, do not drive or operate heavy machinery until the side effects of the drug have completely disappeared.

You should immediately see a doctor if you experience vomiting, sweating so profusely, that you have prolonged diarrhea. If left untreated, this condition can lead to dehydration which can make you lose consciousness or faint.

Be sure to follow all doctor's advice and / or therapist's instructions. Your doctor may need to change your medication dose or monitor you carefully to prevent certain side effects.

Is Mannitol safe for pregnant and lactating women?

There are no adequate studies regarding the risks of using the drug Mannitol in pregnant or nursing women. Always consult your doctor to weigh the potential benefits and risks before using this medication.

Manitol drug is included in the risk of pregnancy category C according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States, or the equivalent of the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM) in Indonesia. The following references to pregnancy risk categories according to the FDA:

• A = Not at risk
• B = No risk in several studies
• C = Maybe risky
• D = There is positive evidence of risk
• X = Contraindicated
• N = Unknown

Meanwhile, for breastfeeding mothers, there is no clear evidence whether the drug Mannitol harm the baby or not. To avoid various negative possibilities, do not take this medicine carelessly or without the doctor's permission.

Mannitol Drug Interactions

What medicines might interact with Mannitol?

Interactions with other drugs can affect how the drug Mannitol works and increase the risk of dangerous side effects. This article does not list all possible drug interactions.

Record all medicinal products you use (including prescription, non-prescription and herbal medicines) and show them to your doctor and pharmacist. Do not start, stop, or change the dose of any medication without your doctor's permission.

Some drugs that have the potential to cause negative interactions with the drug Mannitol include:

• albuterol
• amifostine
• amikacin
• amikacin liposome
• arformoterol
• atracurium
• benazepril
• bisacodyl
• bitolterol
• canagliflozin
• captopril
• carbamazepine
• casanthranol
• cascara sagrada
• castor oil
• cisatracurium
• citalopram
• dapagliflozin
• demeclocycline
• desvenlafaxine
• diatrizoate
• digitoxin
• digoxin
• doxycycline
• droperidol
• duloxetine
• empagliflozin
• epoprostenol
• escitalopram
• eslicarbazepine
• exenatide
• fenoldopam
• fluoxetine
• fluvoxamine
• formoterol
• fosinopril
• gentamicin
• glycerin
• guanfacine
• iloprost
• idacaterol
• iodamide
• iodipamide
• iodixanol
• iohexol
• iopamidol
• iopromide
• iothalamate
• ioversol
• ioxaglate
• ioxilan
• irinotecan
• liposomal irinotecan
• isoetharine
• kanamiycin
• lactulose
• lamivudine
• levalbuterol
• levomilnacipran
• licorice
• lisinopril
• magnesium citrate
• magnesium hydroxide
• maraviroc
• metaproterenol
• metrizamide
• milnacipran
• mineral oil
• minocycline
• mivacurium
• moexipril
• nefazodone
• neomycin
• netilmicin
• olodaterol
• oxytetracycline
• pancuronium
• paroxetine
• pentoxifylline
• perindopril
• phenolphthalein
• pirbuterol
• plazomicin
• quinapril
• ramipril
• riociguat
• rocuronium
• salmeterol
• selexipag
• senna
• sertraline
• sibutramine
• sodium nitrite
• streptomycin
• succinylcholine
• terbutaline
• tetracycline
• tobramycin
• trandolapril
• treprostinil
• vecuronium
• venlafaxine
• verteporfin
• vilazodone
• vortioxetine

Can food or alcohol interact with Mannitol?

Certain drugs should not be used with meals or when eating certain foods because drug interactions can occur. Consuming alcohol or tobacco with certain drugs can also cause interactions to occur.

Please consult a doctor to find out about the safety and interactions of Mannitol drugs with other foods and beverages.

What health conditions may interact with Mannitol?

Any other health conditions you have can affect the use of the drug Mannitol. Always tell your doctor if you have other health problems, especially:

• Kidney illness
• Liver disease
• Chronic heart failure
• Bleeding in the brain
• Severe dehydration
• Heart disease

Mannitol overdose

What should I do in an emergency or Mannitol overdose?

In case of an emergency or an overdose of Mannitol, contact your local emergency services provider (119) or immediately to the nearest hospital emergency department. Bring a medicine box, container, or label with you when you go to the hospital to help the doctor with any necessary information.

When someone has an overdose, various symptoms that may arise are:

• Too low blood pressure (hypotension) which makes the head dizzy
• Fainting
• Fast and irregular heartbeat
• Slower than normal heart rate

What should I do if I miss a dose of Mannitol?

If you miss a dose of Mannitol, take it as soon as you remember. If it is near the time of the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your dosing schedule. Do not use extra doses to make up for a missed dose.

If you continue to miss doses, consider setting an alarm or asking a family member to remind you.

Please consult your doctor to discuss changes in your dosing schedule or a new schedule to make up for a missed dose, if you have missed too many doses recently.

Hello Health Group does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.

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